GREAT QUESTIONS: QUESTIONS THAT HAVE CHANGED THE WORLD*

HON 183 - 3 credit hours
Course Instructor: Dr. Dave Pruett, Department of Mathematics & Statistics
James Madison University
Dr. Maureen Shanahan, Director of the Honors Program



Course Description:
“Which [do we] love more, the small island of [our] so-called knowledge or the sea of infinite mystery?” (Karl Rahner) “Great Questions” are those that radically alter our perceptions of physical reality, of self, and/or of our place in the universe. For example, Jacob Bronowski observed of Einstein that he was “a man who could ask immensely simple questions” from whose answers he could “hear God thinking.” Einstein’s theories of special and general relativity each originated from simple questions and Gedanken (thought) experiments that can be readily grasped by ordinary persons. It is the answers that are extraordinary. The course will examine selected interrelated “great questions” from the domains of science and philosophy as well as their impact upon human perceptions of self and of physical reality.

Texts:
1) Timothy Ferris, Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Perennial, 2003.
2) Erwin Schroedinger, What is Life? with Mind and Matter, Cambridge University Press, 1967.
3) Immanuel Kant, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, translation by James W. Ellington, 2nd Ed., Hackett Pub. Co., 1977.

Syllabus

Date Topic

Part I--Where am I? (are we?): Questions of Place & Cosmology

30 Aug

Introductions & Expectations

1 Sept

Does the Earth Move? -- Cosmological Origins

6 Sept

The Dome of Heaven: The Ptolemaic Universe
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chaps. 1-2

8 Sept

Earth Dethroned: The Copernican Revolution
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chaps. 3-4

13 Sept

The Music of the Spheres: Kepler, Galileo, & Newton
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chaps. 5-6, Newton.doc

15 Sept

The Search for Longitude (VIDEO)
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chaps. 7-8

20 Sept

Special Relativity I: An “Immensely Simple Question”
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chaps. 9

22 Sept

Special Relativity II: A Wrinkle in Time
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chap. 10

27 Sept

General Relativity I: The Principle of Equivalence
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chap. 10

29 Sept

General Relativity II: Cosmological Implications
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chap. 11

4 Oct

Stephen Hawking's Universe (VIDEO): “The Big Bang”
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chap. 14

6 Oct TEST I
Part II--What am I? (are we?): Questions of Biological Origins
11 Oct

Bronowski’s “Old Testament God:” Einstein
Readings - Einstein.doc

14 Oct

DISCUSSION: How Old is the Earth?
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chaps. 12-13

18 Oct

Darwin, His Daughter, and Human Evolution
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chap. 13

20 Oct

The Voyage of the Beagle (AUDIO selections)

25 Oct

Evolution: Theory & Misperceptions

27 Oct

DISCUSSION: “Was Darwin Wrong?”
Readings - National Geographic, Nov. 2004

1 Nov

The Quantum Universe I: Uncertainty
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chaps. 15-16

3 Nov

The Quantum Universe I: Uncertainty continued

8 Nov

The Quantum Universe II: Wave-Particle Duality
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chaps. 17-18

10 Nov Entropy: The Arrow of Time
15 Nov

DISCUSSION: What is Life?
Readings - What is Life?

17 Nov

The Double Helix
Readings - Nature, April 25, 1953

Part III--Who am I? (are we?): Questions of Perspective

22 Nov

Test II

24 Nov THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY
29 Nov

The Quantum Universe III: Schroedinger’s Cat and Quantum Mystery

1 Dec

DISCUSSION: Kant’s Prolegomena
Readings - Prolegomena

6 Dec

DISCUSSION: Schroedinger’s Mind and Matter
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chap. 19

8 Dec

Summary Discussion: The Web of Interconnections
Readings - Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Chap. 20

15 Dec FINAL EXAM (8:00-10:00a.m.)

Grading:
This course will examine selected “immensely simple questions” from the domains of philosophy and natural philosophy as well as their impact upon human perceptions of self and of physical reality. Because of the close historical connection between philosophy and natural philosophy (science), it is fitting that these two domains of inquiry should be considered in unison, as “inner” and “outer” approaches to probing the deeper mysteries of the universe. Because the course was designed expressly for Honors students, it will be interdisciplinary in nature and will incorporate a variety of formats and evaluation techniques.

Balance & Interdisciplinary Connections - The “immense questions” to be considered naturally blur the lines between scientific inquiry, philosophy, and religion. The course will especially focus upon resonances; that is, those points of nexus where scientific and philosophical lines of inquiry lead toward mutual illumination.

Critical Thinking - A premise of the course is that the process of inquiry is as at least as important as the answers gleaned. That process should follow appropriate guidelines relative to “critical thinking.”

Primary Sources - Whenever appropriate, readings will excerpted from primary sources. For example, Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle, Schroedinger’s What is Life? and Kant’s Prolegomena are each primary.

Writing Intensive - Students will be required to write one book report and to keep a journal in which to respond to class discussions. Tests will include essay questions. The book to be reported upon should be chosen from a list of approved references or pre-approved alternatives, and the report will be due early in the semester to ensure that students are invested in some component of the course, for which they bring to the class relative expertise.

Communication Intensive - Approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of class time should be devoted to discussion in seminar format. Each student (in groups of 4-5) will be required to assume leadership for a class discussion. Good communication skills will be emphasized. Among these, students should employ critical and sensitive listening behaviors and should be able to deliver effective and concise oral presentations.

Historical & Cultural Context - What is the story behind the scientific or philosophical achievements? Who were the principal players? What was their historical context? Their cultural perspective? What qualities did they have that predisposed them to ask the relevant questions? What obstacles did they overcome? What was the impact of their achievement upon their culture? Upon humankind?

Grading Scale: 90-100 A, 80-89 B, 70-79 C, 60-69 D, below 60 failing, with appropriate +/-

Weight

  • Assignment 10 %
  • Class participation (attendance, contribution to discussions, sensitive listening) 15%
  • Presentations (“expertise” assignment 5%; leadership of assigned discussion 10%) 18 %
  • Bi-weekly journal 30 %
  • Two one-hour tests; see dates on schedule 12 %
  • 4-5 page book report 15 %
  • Final exam
Contact person: Dave Pruett, pruettcd@jmu.edu.