Place as Text / City as Text^® Outcomes in Higher Education

1. Demands a connection between what is there and what is not there
2. Gives consideration to the evaluation of absence as well as presence
3. Pushes students to new levels of questions, such as “Who has power? “Who decides?”
4. Embraces third-person perspectives so as to create an awareness of one’s own “lenses”
5. Finds “comfort” in discomfort; asks students to accept the notion that confusion can be a good thing
6. Moves from “self-reflection” into “critical thinking”
7. Connects personal experience to scholarly inquiry
8. Questions the prevailing power structures and the production of “knowledge”
9. Highlights connection to the larger world; promotes global thinking about local experience
10. Pushes students so that they want to know how they know